En 1980, la Poste de l'île de Man publiait une série de timbres en l'honneur de la plus ancienne compagnie de transport de passagers fonctionnant encore dans le monde, Isle of Man Steam Packet Company (IOMSPCo). (collection agence Adhémar) |
L'Isle of Man Steam Packet Company (en manois: Sheshaght Phaggad Bree Ellan Vannin) est la plus ancienne compagnie mondiale de transport de passagers. Elle célèbre ses 180 ans cette année. IOMSPCo assure le service de ferry et de freight entre Douglas (dans l'île de Man, à mi-chemin entre l'Irlande et le Pays de Galles) et cinq ports d'Irlande et de Grande-Bretagne.
Différentes compagnies desservaient l'île de Man de manière très irrégulière, laissant les Mannois abandonnés parfois de longues semaines. Cette situation ne pouvait pas durer et une réunion dans la capitale, Douglas, en 1829, déboucha sur la formation d'un comité qui travailla rapidement à réunir les financements pour une compagnie de navigation. Isle of Man Steam Packet Company vit réellement le jour le 30 juin 1830 quand son premier bateau, Mona's Isle (qui coûta 7250 livres), inaugura la ligne de la capitale vers Liverpool.
De nombreux ferries de la compagnie seront utilisés dans les deux Guerres mondiales.
King Orry III conduisant la flotte allemande prisonnière. |
King Orry III conduisit la flotte allemande, qui s'était rendue à la fin de la Première guerre, jusqu'à la base de Scapa Flow. Un autre, Viking, fut converti en porte-hydravion sous le nom de HMS Vindex.
Mona's Queen II coulant un U-Boat allemand pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. |
Dans la Seconde, dix des seize bateaux de la compagnie furent réquisitionnés. Quatre furent perdus. L'évacuation de Dunkerque est l'épisode le plus héroïque pour l'IOM SPCo quand son Mona's Isle II a été le premier à quitté Douvres et à réaliser la première rotation. Ben-my-Chree III et Manxman servirent aussi de transport d'avions et d'hydravions.
Ben-My-Chree IV marque l'arrivée des car-ferries. |
Le transport de voiture commença en 1962 avec Manx Maid et se continua avec Ben-my-Chree (1966), Mona's Queen (1972) et Lady of Mann II (1976), quatre ferries à chargement latéral. Le premier à chargement arrière fut le Mona's Isle.
La compagnie fait maintenant flotter des Incat, catamarans à grande vitesse comme Manannan et Snaefell. Mona's Isle I, premier bateau de la compagnie. |
The Isle of Man Steam Packet Company (Manx: Sheshaght Phaggad Bree Ellan Vannin) is the oldest continuously operating passenger shipping company in the world, celebrating its 180th anniversary in 2010.
The company provides freight, passenger and vehicle services between the Isle of Man Sea Terminal, in Douglas, Isle of Man and five ports in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. The routes which the Steam Packet Company operates are: * Douglas - Heysham - Year-round * Douglas - Liverpool - March to November * Douglas - Birkenhead - November to March * Douglas - Belfast - Summer only * Douglas - Dublin - Summer only and Christmas.
There had been various shipping companies serving the Isle of Man before the formation of this company in 1830, but such crossings were irregular and vessels used were unreliable. As a result the Island could be cut off for weeks at a time. The Manx people felt it was essential they should have their own dedicated service. A meeting was held in the island's capital Douglas in 1829, from which was formed a committee charged with finding out the cost of acquiring a Steam Packet.
On 30 June 1830, the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company was born when the brand new vessel, Mona’s Isle, built at a cost of £7,250, sailed from Douglas to Liverpool on its very first sailing. Vessels and crews of the company were actively involved in both the World War I and World War II. One vessel, King Orry, which was attached to the British Grand Fleet, led the German High Seas Fleet into Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands at the end of World War I. Another vessel, Viking was converted to become a seaplane carrier, serving as HMS Vindex.
During World War II, 11 out of a total fleet of 15 Steam Packet ships were requisitioned by the Admiralty; four of which were lost, three retained by the Government and four returned to service. Ben-my-Chree and Manxman also served as aircraft/seaplane carriers. The Dunkirk evacuation was perhaps the company's finest hour, with Mona’s Isle (not the original ship) being the first to leave Dover and the first to complete the round trip during the evacuation.
The Steam Packet Company introduced a number of car ferries beginning with the Manx Maid in 1962 then the Ben-my-Chree (1966), Mona's Queen (1972) and then the Lady of Mann (1976). All four of the company's first car ferries were all side loading. The first ferry they bought that was a stern loader was the Mona's Isle.
Douglas I, wooden paddle steamers. |
The company originally started utilising wooden paddle steamers, which soon gave way to the steel "screw" vessels. The "screw" vessels were superseded by turbine steamers, the first being the 1905 Viking. The company then replaced the passenger-only steamers with sideloading car ferries, the first diesel car ferry being the 1972 Mona's Queen. Fastcraft then became the next generation of vessels to operate for the company, the first being the HSC SeaCat Isle of Man.It now also operates a fast ferry service with the Manannan, Snaefell, both Incat high speed car carrying catamarans.
Nous consacrerons demain un article à Lady of Mann II, le plus réputé des bateaux de l'IOM SPCo.
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